Childhood IQ and in-service mortality in Scottish Army personnel during World War II |
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| Authors: | Janie Corley Jeremy A Crang Ian J Deary |
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| Institution: | 1. MRC Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;2. School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;1. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;2. Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;3. Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA;4. Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, Zurich, Switzerland;1. Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA;2. Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA;3. Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA;1. Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel;2. Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, USA;1. King''s Centre for Military Health Research, Department of Psychological Medicine, King''s College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK;2. Academic Department of Military Mental Health, Department of Psychological Medicine, King''s College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK;1. Centre for Disaster and Military Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;2. Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland;3. Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel;4. Medical Services of the Swiss Armed Forces, Ittigen, Switzerland;5. University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, Psychiatric Outpatient Department, c/o University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland;6. Collegium Helveticum, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | The Scottish Mental Survey of 1932 (SMS1932) provides a record of intelligence test scores for almost a complete year-of-birth group of children born in 1921. By linking UK Army personnel records, the Scottish National War Memorial data, and the SMS1932 dataset it was possible to examine the effect of childhood intelligence scores on wartime military service mortality in males. There were 491 matches between World War II (WWII) Scottish Army fatalities and the SMS1932 database; 470 (96%) had an age 11 mental ability score recorded. The mean (S.D.) age 11 IQ score of those who died on active service in WWII was 100.78 (15.56), compared with 97.42 (14.87) for male Army survivors (p < 0.0001; Cohen's d = 0.22). Men who took part in the SMS1932 and who were not found in the Army database had a higher mean score (100.45, S.D. =14.97) than those men who had been in the Army, regardless of whether they died or survived (mean IQ = 97.66, S.D. = 14.94; p < 0.0001; Cohen's d = 0.19). Male soldiers with a higher childhood IQ had a slightly increased risk of dying during active service in WWII. Men who did not join the Army had a higher IQ than men who did. Further research in this area should consider naval and air force personnel records in order to examine more fully the complex relationship between IQ and survival expectancy during active service in WWII. |
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