Active sleep is associated with the face preference in the newborns who familiarized with a responsive face |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, UCSC, Rome, Italy;1. Touch Research Institute, University of Miami/Miller School of Medicine, United States;2. Fielding Graduate University, United States;3. The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Saint Joseph’s University, United States;1. School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal;2. School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA;1. Department of Psychology, The College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd., 4S-108, SI, NY, 10314, United States;2. The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, United States;3. Department of Mathematics, The College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd., SI, NY, 10314, United States;1. University of Heidelberg, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;2. Ludwig Maximilian University, Department of Psychology, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802 Munich, Germany;1. Saint Joseph''s University, USA;2. Johnson & Johnson Consumer Health, USA;3. Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc, USA;4. Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, USA;5. University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, USA;1. Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States;2. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States;3. Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States;4. Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States;5. Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women''s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States |
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| Abstract: | Aim of this study was to investigate the preferential looking behaviour, subsequent to a familiarization task (8-min) with a previously responsive or motionless face, before and after a sleep cycle. Moreover, the role of the active sleep in memory consolidation of the responsive or motionless faces was explored. Hypotheses were that the newborns undergoing a motionless familiarization will exhibit a novelty effect (preference for the novel face) whereas the newborns undergoing a responsive familiarization will show a familiarity effect (preference for the known face) before and after the sleep cycle; moreover, the amount of active sleep will be associated with the looking time at the known face after a sleep cycle.Forty-five healthy full-term newborns were randomly assigned to two groups (group 1: motionless-familiarization and group 2: responsive-familiarization); in both groups newborns were video-recorded during four post-familiarization face-preference tasks, two of them performed before and two after a sleep cycle.During the pre-sleep-trials, there was not a significant preference for one face in both groups. During the post-sleep trials, the newborns showed a clear preference for the novel face. This effect was more evident in group 1. Only in group 2 there was a significant positive correlation between the active sleep duration and the looking duration at the known-face during the post-sleep trials (r = 0.41; p = 0.040). Multiple regression confirmed that only in the group 2 the total duration of the active sleep was associated with the looking duration at the known-face during the post-sleep trials (Adjusted R2 = 0.13; β = 0.41; t = 2.2; p = 0.040).Findings showed that in newborns the face representation can be recalled after a sleep cycle. Moreover, the amount of the active sleep predicted the post-sleep looking toward the known-face only in the newborns who interactively familiarized with the face. |
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| Keywords: | Face preference Newborns Active sleep Face memory |
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