Skill level constrains the coordination of posture and upper-limb movement in a pistol-aiming task

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate whether skill level differentially organizes the coordination of the postural system and upper limb kinematics in a pistol-aiming task. Participants aimed an air-pistol at a target center in 30 s trials as accurately as possible while standing on a force platform with shooting arm joint kinematics recorded. The novice group had greater motion of the pistol end point, arm joints and the center of pressure than the skilled group. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the skilled group required 2 components as opposed to the 3 components of the novice group to accommodate the variance. Coherence analysis in the 0–1 Hz bandwidth revealed that the coupling between posture and upper-limb movement was stronger in the skilled than the novice group. The findings are consistent with the view that skill acquisition reduces the kinematic variables into a lower dimensional functional unit that in pistol-aiming is defined over the collective posture and upper-limb system.