Memory by association: Integrating memories prolongs retention by two-year-olds |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;2. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, United States;3. Department of International Health Johns, Hopkins School of Public Health, United States;4. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States;1. Department of Family Sciences, University of Mons, Belgium;2. Department of Obstetrics, Tivoli University Hospital, La Louviere, Belgium;3. Child and Adolescent Clinical Unit, University of Liege, Belgium;1. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, USA;2. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Neurology, USA;3. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Radiology, USA;4. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA;5. Birmingham VA Medical Center, Department of Neurology, USA;1. National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan;2. Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan;3. Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan;4. Mie Prefectural General Medical Center, Yokkaichi, Japan;5. Institute of Medical Genetics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan;6. Tokyo Women’s Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Recalling one memory often leads to the recollection of other memories that share overlapping features. This phenomenon, spreading activation, was originally documented in studies conducted with verbal adults, and more recently, it has been demonstrated with preverbal infants. Here, we examine the effect of spreading activation on long-term retention by 2-year-olds. Participants were tested in the Visual Recognition Memory (VRM) paradigm and the deferred imitation paradigm. Typically, infants of this age exhibit retention in the VRM paradigm for 24 h, while they exhibit retention in the deferred imitation paradigm for at least 8 weeks. In the present experiment, we paired these tasks together during original encoding and tested infants after an 8-week delay. Two-year-olds exhibited retention in both tasks. That is, when these two tasks initially occurred together – one task that is extremely memorable and one that is not – retrieving the memory of the more memorable task cued retrieval of the less memorable task, extending its longevity. |
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| Keywords: | Spreading activation Long-term retention Infants Deferred imitation Visual recognition memory |
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