Lower limb mechanical asymmetry during repeated treadmill sprints |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar;2. ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland;3. Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), Research Department, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France;4. Université Côte d’Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France;1. Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States;2. Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States;3. Musculoskeletal Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA, United States;4. Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States;5. Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States;6. Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States;7. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States;8. Sports Health and Performance Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States;9. Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States;2. Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, United States;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States;4. Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States;5. Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States;6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States;1. IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy;2. ISICO, Italian Scientific Spine Institute, Milan, Italy;3. Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy;1. ASPIRE Health Centre – ASPETAR, National Sports Medicine Programme, Doha, Qatar;2. Sport Science Department, ASPETAR – Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar;4. ISSUL Institute of Sport Sciences-Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;1. School of Health and Sport Sciences (EUSES), Universitat de Girona, Salt, Catalonia, Spain;2. Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport (FPCEE), Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain;3. Florida International University, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Department of Athletic Training, Miami, FL, USA;4. Pennsylvania State University, Department of Kinesiology, Athletic Training/Sports Medicine Program, University Park, PA, USA;5. Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain;6. Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA;7. Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA;8. Center for Cognition, Action & Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA;9. Sports Health and Performance Institute, Ohio State University, Sports Medicine, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA;10. Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Stride mechanical imbalances between the lower limbs may be detrimental to performance and/or increase injury risks. This study describes the time course and magnitude of asymmetries in running mechanical variables during repeated treadmill sprints and examines whether inter-limb differences in sprinting mechanics increase with fatigue. Thirteen non-injured male athletes performed five 5-s sprints with 25-s recovery on an instrumented treadmill, allowing the continuous (step-by-step) measurement of running kinetics/kinematics and spring-mass characteristics calculation. For each variable, bilateral leg asymmetry (BLA%) between the left and the right leg was defined as: {[(high value − low value)/low value] × 100}. BLA% for propulsive power and horizontal forces averaged ∼12–13%, while lower values occurred for step-averaged values of running velocity, resultant and vertical forces (all ∼4%). For all sprints, kinematic BLA% ranged from 1.6 ± 1.0% (swing time) to 9.0 ± 5.3% (aerial time). BLA% for vertical and leg stiffness was 6.4 ± 4.9% and 7.6 ± 3.6%, respectively. While distance covered decreased across repetitions (P < 0.05), there was no significant interaction between sprint repetitions and leg side for any of the mechanical variables studied (all P > 0.05). Although inter-limb differences were observed for many running kinetics/kinematics and spring-mass characteristics during repeated treadmill sprints, the lack of interaction between sprint repetitions and leg side suggests that lower limbs fatigued at a similar rate. |
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| Keywords: | Repeated-sprint ability Sprinting mechanics Fatigue Imbalance Limb laterality Injury |
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