Uncontrolled manifold analysis of joint angle variability during table tennis forehand |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, Keihanna Science City, Soraku, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan;2. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan;3. Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan;1. MPI for Intelligent Systems, Spemannstr. 38, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;2. TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 10, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany;3. Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;1. The Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom;2. The Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Manchester, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, United Kingdom;1. Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK;2. Expert Performance and Skill Acquisition Research Group, Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary’s University, Twickenham, London, TW1 4SX, UK;3. School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK;4. Department of Health, Kinesiology and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 81442, USA;1. Expert Performance and Skill Acquisition Research Group, School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary''s University, Twickenham, London, UK;2. Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Chichester, Chichester UK;3. Department of Health, Kinesiology and Recreation, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA;4. Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK |
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| Abstract: | This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the variance structure of the trunk and racket arm joint angles in table tennis topspin forehand using the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach, regarding racket orientation as the task variable. Nine advanced and eight intermediate male collegiate table tennis players performed the topspin strokes against backspin balls. The trunk, upper limb, and racket were modeled as six rigid-link segments with a total of 16 rotation degrees of freedom. The UCM analysis was conducted using 30 trial datasets per participant to quantify the degree of redundancy exploitation needed to stabilize the vertical and horizontal angles of the racket. Irrespective of the performance level, the variance of the joint angle vector increased towards ball impact. The degree of redundancy exploitation increased towards ball impact. As a result, the variability of the racket angles was minimal at impact. Both groups of players used the relative movement between the racket and the hand to stabilize the racket angles at ball impact. The variance of the joint angle vector that affected the vertical racket face angle at ball impact was significantly smaller for advanced players than for intermediate players, and the degree of redundancy exploitation to stabilize that angle at impact tended to be larger for the advanced players. The ability to use the redundancy of the joint configuration to stabilize the vertical racket face angle at impact may be a critical factor that affects performance level. |
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| Keywords: | Racket sport Uncontrolled manifold analysis Redundancy Table tennis |
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