Tactile localization performance in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) corresponds to their motor skill and not their cognitive ability |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Sensorimotor Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London SE14 6NW, UK;2. School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, RG6 7BE, UK;3. Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK;1. Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Old Main Building Grote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa;3. School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne Campus, VIC 3065, Australia;1. Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, 500 University Av., Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada;2. Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada;3. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada;4. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada;1. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, United States;2. Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, United States;3. Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Sciences and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China;4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, United States |
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| Abstract: | When localizing touches to the hands, typically developing children and adults show a “crossed hands effect” whereby identifying which hand received a tactile stimulus is less accurate when the hands are crossed than uncrossed. This demonstrates the use of an external frame of reference for locating touches to one’s own body. Given that studies indicate that developmental vision plays a role in the emergence of external representations of touch, and reliance on vision for representing the body during action is atypical in developmental coordination disorder (DCD), we investigated external spatial representations of touch in children with DCD using the “crossed hands effect”. Nineteen children with DCD aged 7–11 years completed a tactile localization task in which posture (uncrossed, crossed) and view (hands seen, unseen) were varied systematically. Their performance was compared to that of 35 typically developing controls (19 of a similar age and cognitive ability, and 16 of a younger age but similar fine motor ability). Like controls, the DCD group exhibited a crossed hands effect, whilst their overall tactile localization performance was weaker than their peers of similar age and cognitive ability, but in line with younger controls of similar motor ability. For children with movement difficulties, these findings indicate tactile localization impairments in relation to age expectations, but apparently typical use of an external reference frame for localizing touch. |
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| Keywords: | Developmental coordination disorder Touch Tactile localization Body representations Multisensory development Sensorimotor development |
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