Synthesis of asymmetric movement trajectories in timed rhythmic behaviour by means of frequency modulation |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Physical Therapy Department, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd/MS2002, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA;4. Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA;5. Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, College of Rehabilitative Sciences, University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, Miami, FL, USA;1. University of Denver, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Denver, CO, United States;2. University of Colorado Denver, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Aurora, CO, United States;3. VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, United States;4. Colorado School of Mines, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Golden, CO, United States;1. Department of Physical Therapy, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985450 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5450, USA;2. Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 988440 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-8440, USA;1. Department of Rehabilitation, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA;2. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;3. DOD/VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA;1. University of Sao Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, Rehabilitation and Functional Performance Program, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil;2. University of Sao Paulo, Biomechanics and Motor Control Lab (LaBioCoM), School of Physical Education and Sport, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil;3. Aspetar – Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar;4. Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, London, UK;5. Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, UK;6. School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, UK;7. School of Medicine, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland;1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;2. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Results from different empirical investigations on gestural aspects of timed rhythmic movements indicate that the production of asymmetric movement trajectories is a feature that seems to be a common characteristic of various performances of repetitive rhythmic patterns. The behavioural or neural origin of these asymmetrical trajectories is, however, not identified. In the present study we outline a theoretical model that is capable of producing syntheses of asymmetric movement trajectories documented in empirical investigations by Balasubramaniam et al. (2004). Characteristic qualities of the extension/flexion profiles in the observed asymmetric trajectories are reproduced, and we conduct an experiment similar to Balasubramaniam et al. (2004) to show that the empirically documented movement trajectories and our modelled approximations share the same spectral components. The model is based on an application of frequency modulated movements, and a theoretical interpretation offered by the model is to view paced rhythmic movements as a result of an unpaced movement being “stretched” and “compressed”, caused by the presence of a metronome. We discuss our model construction within the framework of event-based and emergent timing, and argue that a change between these timing modes might be reflected by the strength of the modulation in our model. |
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| Keywords: | Asymmetric movement trajectories Model Frequency modulation |
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