Assessing motor proficiency in young adults: The Bruininks Oseretsky Test-2 Short Form and the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle 6959, Australia;2. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia;3. School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Bentley 6012, Australia;4. The Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle 6959, Australia;1. Department of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland;2. Department of Education, Special Education Unit, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland;3. Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland;4. Department of Special Educational Needs and Youth Care, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands;5. Niilo Mäki Institute, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland;6. University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Centre for Human Movement Sciences, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;1. Sint Maartenskliniek, Afdeling Research Development and Education, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Avansplus, University for Professionals, Heerbaan 14-40, 4817 NL Breda, The Netherlands;3. Ghent University and Arteveldehogeschool, Campus Heymans 2B3, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium;4. Motor Control Laboratory, Research Center for Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Dep. of Kinesiology, University of Leuven, De Nayer kamer 02.11, Tervuurse Vest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;1. Département des sciences de l’activité physique, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada;2. Département de didactique, Faculté de l’éducation, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada;3. Département d’études sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage, Faculté des sciences de l’éducation, Université Laval, Pavillon des sciences de l’éducation, bureau 1146, 2320 rue des Bibliothèques, Québec G1V0A6, Canada;4. Équipe de Recherche Qualité des contextes éducatifs de la Petite Enfance, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada;1. Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;2. Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;3. Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;4. Behavioural Research Unit, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;5. Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;6. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;7. Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;8. Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program at the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Currently, only two motor tests have norms extending into young adulthood – the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND, McCarron 1997) and the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2, Bruininks & Bruininks, 2005). Research into the motor difficulties in early adulthood and health outcomes has been impeded because there is no agreed gold standard motor test for this group. The purposes of this study were to compare the discrimination accuracy, classification agreement, and predictive values, and gender distribution and prevalence of each test in identifying motor impairment (MI) in relation to DSM-V diagnostic criteria for DCD. Ninety-one young, healthy adults (M = 21.4 years, SD = 3.3) were recruited. Those classified as MI by each test scored at one standard deviation or more below the overall mean standard score. Small, statistically significant correlations were found between the MAND and BOT-2 SF tests for score rank (r = 0.370, p = 0.01) and standard score values (r = 0.404; p = 0.01). The overall decision agreement for non-MI cases was relatively high at 85% but very low for MI cases (4.4%). Unexpectedly, gender was balanced in MI cases. BOT-2 SF identified twice as many MI cases than MAND (13.2% vs 6.6%), yet overall comparative test specificity was high (89%). Predictive values for MAND, compared against BOT-2 SF as the standard, indicated broad independence between these tests and overall, the decision statistics indicated that the two tests identified different adult cohorts with MI. Objective classification of adult motor proficiency using a gold standard assessment tool including complex and ecologically valid tasks is still elusive. |
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| Keywords: | Young adults Motor assessment Test validity Discrimination statistics |
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