Influence of anterior load carriage on lumbar muscle activation while walking in stable and unstable shoes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;2. Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;1. U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Performance Division, United States;2. Human Research Resources Organization, United States;1. College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;2. GEMTEX, ENSAIT, 2 allée Louise et Victor Champier, 59056 Roubaix Cedex 1, France;1. Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts–Amherst, Massachusetts;2. ENVIRON International Corporation, Amherst, Massachusetts;3. U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts;1. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Box 90383, Durham, NC, 27708-0383, USA;2. Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd., Stop D3700, Austin, TX, 78712, USA;3. Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2201 Speedway, Stop C3200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA;1. Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts;2. Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;3. Environmental Medicine Military Performance Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts;4. Center for the Intrepid, Fort Sam, Houston, Texas |
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| Abstract: | Load carriage can be harmful for workers, and alternative interventions to reduce back pain while walking and carrying loads are necessary. Unstable shoes have been used to improve balance and reduce back pain, but it is unknown whether walking wearing unstable shoes while carrying loads anteriorly causes excessive trunk extensors muscle activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different shoe types and anterior load carriage on gait kinematics and lumbar electromyographic (EMG) activity. Fourteen adults that predominantly walk or stand during the work day were asked to walk with and without carrying 10% of body mass anteriorly while wearing regular walking shoes (REG) and unstable shoes (MBT). The effects of shoe type, load carriage, and shoe × load interactions on the longissimus thoracis (LT) and iliocostalis lumborum (IC) EMG, stride duration, and stride frequency were assessed. MBT shoes induced a significant increase in LT (44.4 ± 35%) and IC EMG (33.0 ± 32%, p < .005), while load carriage increased LT (58.5 ± 41%) and IC EMG (55.1 ± 32%, p < .001). No significant shoe × load interaction was found (p>.05). However, walking wearing MBT shoes while carrying loads induced a 46 ± 40% higher EMG activity compared to walking wearing MBT shoes without load carriage. No effects of shoes or load carriage were found on stride duration and stride frequency. It was concluded that walking wearing MBT shoes and carrying 10% of total body mass induced greater activation of trunk extensors muscle compared to these factors in isolation, such a combination may not influence gait patterns. |
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| Keywords: | Low back Ergonomics Lumbar muscles EMG Walking Stability MBT shoes |
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