国内近十年来意识和无意识关系研究的新成就

近十年来，国内掀起了从自然科学途径进行意识和无意识对比研究的新热潮，尤其在实验范式的引进、修正、完善和模型建构方面，做出了中国学者自己的贡献。错误记忆、内隐时间及不注意视盲等新领域的触及代表了国内学者在意识研究内容上的丰富。“钢筋水泥”、“意识涌现”及“车站监视室”等模型的提出，代表了中国学者在意识研究理论方面的创新。当前国内意识研究与国外基本同步，但存在着“研究领域泛化，神经机制探讨有限，跨学科整合力度有待深化”的问题。

New Accomplishments of the Research on the Relationship Between Consciousness and Unconsciousness in the Last Decade in China

The relationship between consciousness and unconsciousness has been the debate focus for psychologists.In the early 1980s,Professor Che Wenbo proposed that there were five conditions for automatic conversion between consciousness and unconsciousness.It opened a new field for the unconscious theory in China.In recent years,a new upsurge has showed up for the unconscious research by the scientific means not from pure philosophy thinking.Especially,China has imported,complemented and constructed experimental paradigms and Chinese scholars have made their own contributions.Chinese scholars did more explorations and made greater contributions in implicit memory,implicit learning,unconscious perception and implicit social cognition.They introduced many famous experimental paradigms of consciousness,such as the paradigms of artificial grammar learning(AGL),sequence learning paradigm,(SRT),dissociations between tests,process dissociation procedure(PDP),implicit association test(IAT),the Go/No-Go association Test(GNAT),the category associate paradigm,Deese-RoedigerMcDermott(DRM) and so on.Guo Xiuyan designed the"Double-dimensional SRT paradigm".Du Jianzheng expanded PDP to multiple separate paradigms.Zhu Baorong created the super conscious scope method and the second comparative method to revise the normative priming effect.In recent years,Chinese researchers have set foot in such new fields as false memory,implicit time,inattentional blindness and so on.Chinese researchers have also made theoretical explorations.Yang Zhiliang(1998) put forward a hypothesis of the structural model of explicit and implicit memory:work of concrete and steel.They regarded unconsciousness as’steel’,and consciousness as’concrete’.This mode assumed that human beings’ inner world is built by concrete and steel.Then,Guo Xiuyan and Yang Zhiliang used the PDP paradigm,and presented a sense-of-balance view for the relationship between consciousness and unconsciousness.Gen Haiyan and Zhu Ying(2001) found three possible relations among the stimulating characteristics,attention and consciousness.Tang Xiaowei designed the conscious emergent theory.This theory posited that information processing transmitted unconsciousness to consciousness(Tang Xiaowei,2008).Wang Yunjiu and Yang Yufang(2003) held that consciousness was constructed by a set of neuron,and form a layer of nerve network.They called it’the surveillance room’.The research at home is basically in synchronization with the research abroad.Future research still needs to be improved in four aspects:generalization of research fields,superficiality in theory,lack of research in nervous mechanism and a multi-view studies in consciousness research.