印象形成中交叉刻板印象的加工机制

以大学生作为被试，旨在探究：在交叉刻板印象加工过程中，是否存在某一单维刻板印象的加工优势效应？如果存在，靶子熟悉度的差异是否会影响单维刻板印象的加工优势效应？该单维刻板印象加工优势效应是否还会受到其他单维刻板印象加工的调节。研究结果表明：（1）在对具有性别-年龄组合而成的交叉刻板印象的人群进行判断时，通过面孔进行启动，发现在不同的条件下分别存在性别单维刻板印象和年龄单维刻板印象的加工优势效应，即年轻男性或女性面孔的性别特征较年龄特征更容易得到加工和提取，老年男性或女性面孔的年龄特征较性别特征更具有加工优势。而在范畴词汇启动下，老年男性或女性词汇启动下的年龄特征较性别特征更具有加工优势。（2）熟悉性会影响单维刻板印象的加工优势，即在年轻被试感知面孔或范畴词汇时，其对老年男性或女性靶子间击中率的差异要显著大于对年轻男性或女性的靶子间击中率的差异。换言之，年轻被试感知老年人靶子的性别与年龄间的差异要显著大于年轻人靶子，出现自我参照现象。（3）在交叉刻板印象加工中，同时存在的各类单维刻板印象加工是彼此削弱的，具有优势加工效应的刻板印象的加工会受到非优势刻板印象加工的抑制。（4）在交叉刻板印象加工中，优势刻板印象加工会受到其相对刻板印象加工的削弱。

The Mechanism of the Information Processing of the Cross Stereotype in Impression Formation

On the undergraduates as subjects, the aim of the study is to explore: in cross stereotypes processing process, whether there is a integrated stereotypes processing advantage effect? If it presents, the difference of the target familiar degrees would affect integrated stereotypes processing advantage effect? Is the single stereotype processing influenced by other stereotypes processing? The Research results show that: (1) In the combination of sex-age stereotypes, by initiating of face, there is the processing advantage effect of gender stereotype and age under different conditions respectively, namely, the male or female gender characteristics of the faces are more dominant than the age characteristics. elderly male or female age characteristics of the faces are more dominant than the gender characteristics.(2) The familiarity affects the processing advantages of the one-dimensional stereotype, namely, when the young subjects perceive faces or word categories, the target hit rate difference of old men and women is significantly higher than the target hit rate difference of young men and women, in other words, young target differences between gender and age is significantly greater than young target, and there is a self reference phenomenon. (3)In the judgments of cross-stereotype, the coexisting cross stereotypes processing is weakened each other, and the processing of the dominant stereotypes is inhibited by the sub-dominant stereotypes processing.(4)In cross stereotypes processing, advantage stereotype processing will be inhibited by its relatively stereotypes processing, and its weakening or inhibiting extent is significantly less than the weakening degree that the processing of the dominant stereotypes is inhibited by exist simultaneously stereotypes.