时间词呈现形式对空间-时间相容性效应的影响

采用时间区分任务探讨不同刺激形式对于空间-时间相容性效应 (space–time compatibility effect，简称STC效应)的影响。实验一采用倒置时间词作为刺激，发现标准的STC效应，即对过去词，“左”反应更快；对将来词，“右”反应更快。实验二采用镜像反转时间词作为刺激，发现反转的STC效应，即对过去词，“右”反应更快；对将来词，“左”反应更快。这些结果表明刺激呈现形式可以影响STC效应，并进一步支持了书写习惯是这种效应的起源。

The Influence of Forms of Stimulus on Space–time Compatibility Effects

Past studies have shown that concepts related to the past are associated with left-side responses, whereas concepts related to the future are associated with right-side responses, which is called the space-time compatibility (STC) effect. Some researchers have considered the direction of habitual reading and writing as the origin of this compatibility effect. However, the hypothesis was supported from the evidence across different cultures, but lack of the evidence within a culture. Our goal of the study is to investigate whether orthography influence implicit spatial representations of time independent of other cultural and linguistic factors. Using the time discrimination task, two behavior experiments were conducted for this purpose. A total of 20 180-degree rotated (Experiment 1) or mirror-reversed (Experiment 2) time-related words were given, half of them referring to past time and the other half referring to future time. In the time discrimination task, participants were asked to decide whether the word referred to the past or the future by pressing A or L on the keyboards of the computer. The reaction time of participants were recorded and analyzed with repeated measure MANOVA. The results of experiment 1 indicated that there was a clear interaction between time-related words and response location. Participants’ responses were faster when past and future time were mapped onto left and right keys, respectively, than when the opposite mapping was used. The results in experiment 2 indicated that there was also a clear interaction between time-related words and response location. Participants were faster responding to past words with the right hand and to future words with the left hand. The pattern of results in experiment 2 was opposite to the pattern of results in experiment 1. The opposite pattern of reaction times in the mirror-reversed condition was consistent with those results found previously in native Arabic and Hebrew speakers. In conclusion, our results suggest that people activate implicit associations between spatial representation and temporal representation when processing temporal language, and that the specifics of these associations could vary systematically within a culture. These results demonstrate a causal role for writing direction in shaping implicit mental representations of time.