熟悉面孔与陌生面孔识别的差异

摘 要：面孔识别包括熟悉面孔识别和陌生面孔识别，两者之间的差异已经得到了多方面的证明。神经生理学的研究发现,识别陌生面孔和熟悉面孔所激活的脑区存在差异，与识别陌生面孔相比，识别熟悉面孔的脑区活动范围更大，包括双侧前额叶、单侧颞叶、海马回、杏仁核、后扣带回和右下额叶。并且也存在脑电的差异，比如 N400和P600的差异。对陌生面孔和熟悉面孔识别具有相同影响的因素有：遮挡、倒置等；具有不同影响的因素有：视角、表情、内外部特征等。文章也探讨了陌生面孔变成熟悉面孔的过程，以及在这一过程中起主要作用的编码形式等。

Difference between familiar face recognition and unfamiliar face recognition

The human face is an object most frequently viewed by humans and thus, human face recognition is such a familiar part of everyday life. Face recognition includes familiar face recognition and unfamiliar face recognition. The difference between the two kinds of recognition has been proved. Familiar faces were recognized more quickly and accurately than unfamiliar faces. The neurophysiologic study has found that there are different activation brain region between familiar and unfamiliar faces recognition. Comparing to recognition unfamiliar face, recognition familiar face can activate more region. They are the bilateral prefrontal, lateral temporal, hippocampus gyri, amygdala，posterior cingulated cortex and lower right frontal. There is the difference of the event-related potentials, including N400 and P600. Many factors affect face recognition, external features and internal features of face. Recognition is more dependent on the external features of the face, such as the outline of the head, than on the internal features. Of course, there are some same affecting factors between unfamiliar faces and familiar face recognition. There is sheltering, inversion and so on. There are different affecting factors. There are view angle, expression, internal and external features. Finally, the paper explores the process in which unfamiliar faces may become familiar faces. What is a main coding form during unfamiliar faces becoming familiar faces?