Improving the study of brain-behavior relationships by revisiting basic assumptions |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA;2. Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;3. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;4. Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA;5. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA;6. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;8. Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA;12. A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Neuroimaging research has been at the forefront of concerns regarding the failure of experimental findings to replicate. In the study of brain-behavior relationships, past failures to find replicable and robust effects have been attributed to methodological shortcomings. Methodological rigor is important, but there are other overlooked possibilities: most published studies share three foundational assumptions, often implicitly, that may be faulty. In this paper, we consider the empirical evidence from human brain imaging and the study of non-human animals that calls each foundational assumption into question. We then consider the opportunities for a robust science of brain-behavior relationships that await if scientists ground their research efforts in revised assumptions supported by current empirical evidence. |
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