A neurophenomenological approach to non-ordinary states of consciousness: hypnosis,meditation, and psychedelics |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centre for Psychedelic Research, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK;2. Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;3. Coma Science Group, GIGA Consciousness and Centre du Cerveau 2, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium;4. Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA Consciousness and Algology Intedisciplinary Center, University and University Hospital of Liege, Belgium;5. Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Switzerland;6. Social Neuroscience Laboratory, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany;7. Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK;8. Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King''s College London, London, UK;9. Eduwell team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France |
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| Abstract: | No contemporary unifying framework has been provided for the study of non-ordinary states of consciousness (NSCs) despite increased interest in hypnosis, meditation, and psychedelics. NSCs induce shifts in experiential contents (what appears to the experiencer) and/or structure (how it appears). This can allow the investigation of the plastic and dynamic nature of experience from a multiscale perspective that includes mind, brain, body, and context. We propose a neurophenomenological (NP) approach to the study of NSCs which highlights their role as catalysts of transformation in clinical practice by refining our understanding of the relationships between experiential (subjective) and neural dynamics. We outline the ethical implications of the NP approach for standard conceptions of health and pathology as well as the crucial role of experience-based know-how in NSC-related research and application. |
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