张惠言的词学与易学

张惠言是常州词派的开派领袖，但更是深通易学尤其是虞氏易的古文经学家，这一特殊身份决定着他的词学不可避免地带有易学的印记。他释词为“意内言外”来自汉代易学家孟喜对易之卦爻辞的解释，对唐宋词的解读注重探究其中的微言大义，则是虞氏“发挥旁通”、“贯穿比附”说易方法的直接运用，而他概括词的特征为“缘情造端，兴于微言”，也是明显地受《易·系辞》对《周易》文本特征描述的启发。从现代解释学的观点来看，张惠言以比兴寄托说词过于偏重作者原意的搜寻，只看到文学作品中形象与寓意之间的对应关系，其实形象与寓意之间不只是简单的比附关系而应该是相融无间无法拆解的，所以常州派的传人周济特别重视作品中艺术形象的创造，将“意内言外”之意由张氏所指向的作者之意转换为读者之意，在文学批评活动中重视读者对文本的阐释，较之张氏所论更为符合艺术鉴赏的审美规律。

ZHANG Hui-yan's Ci Xue and Yi Xue

ZHANG Hui-yan is not only an opening leader of the School of Changzhou Ci, but also an expert at Zhouyi, especially at YU Fan's Yi Xue. This determines that his interpretations of Ci are unavoidably influenced by his commentaries on Zhouyi. Deoarting from modern Hermeneutics, we can see that, basing on his commentaries on Zhouyi, ZHANG Hui-yan paid much more attention to seeking the author's original meaning, and thus he could only saw the corresponding connections between images and their connotations in a Ci. In fact, connections between images of a Ci and its connotations are not merely of analogy, but compatible and integrated.