同性恋认同发展的理论模型述评

本质论取向的阶段模型和社会建构论取向的影响因素模型是早期的同性恋认同发展理论，两者对性倾向是否为人类的本质属性产生了激烈的争论。当代发展心理学从生态化理论、毕生发展观、生命历程观出发试图对这两种研究取向进行整合，并提出了相应的模型。未来的研究应该注意同性恋认同发展多样性的特点，正确理解对外暴露在认同发展中的作用，并把纵向研究作为以后的研究方向。最后，提出了中国同性恋认同的特点和本土化研究的假设

Review on Models of Homosexual Identity Development

Essentialism-oriented stages model and constructionism-oriented influencing factors model are early theoretical frameworks of homosexual identity development. It is one of the most fiercely debated issues among the two approaches whether sexual orientation is a core component of a human. Then, ecological theory, life-span theory and life course theory tried to integrate the two approaches and proposed advanced models of homosexual identity development. Two factors should be concerned in model construction, which are diversity of homosexual identity development and effect of disclosure. Prospective longitudinal study should be the future directions of research. The characteristics and research hypotheses of Chinese homosexuality are also discussed