3~5岁儿童的交换行为研究

设计了一个贴近现实的玩具交换任务,考察3~5岁儿童在玩具交换情境中的行为特点及其利用社会知觉信息指导交换选择的能力,被试为91名3~5岁儿童,男女各半。结果发现,随着年龄增长,儿童在交换任务中得分有显著增长,通过率由43.3%（3岁组）上升到85.5%（5岁组）。儿童对成功的交换行为的解释逐渐偏向于参与交换的人物而非交换的物品。这表明儿童利用社会知觉信息进行行为决策的能力在3~5岁间有明显的发展。

THE EXCHANGING BEHAVIOR IN 3-5 YEAR OLD CHILDREN

This study aimed to reveal behavior pattern among 3-5 years old children in exchanging situation, and detect children's ability of utilizing the social perceptual information to guide their exchanging choice. A new task was designed which formed a toy exchanging situation that requires children to take a part in exchanging. The subjects were 91 3-5 year old children. The results showed that with age growing, children's performance in exchanging task improved significantly. The rate of children who completely pass through the task increased from 43.3% in 3 year group to 85.5% in 5 year group. Children's explanation regarding successful exchanging gradually attributed more on the people involved rather than exchanging goods. It was suggested that during 3 to 5 years, there exists important developmental changing in children's ability of utilizing the social perceptual information to guide behavioral decision.