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Getting “SMART” about implementing multi-tiered systems of support to promote school mental health
Institution:1. Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, United States;2. Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States;1. University of South Dakota, United States;2. University of Kansas, United States;3. Purdue University, United States;4. Wayne State College, United States;1. University of Pennsylvania, United States;2. Baylor University, United States;3. Education Development Center, Inc., Waltham, MA, United States;1. Texas A&M University, United States;2. The University of Texas at Austin, United States;1. University of Illinois at Chicago, United States;2. Elmhurst College, United States;1. Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Italy;2. School of Education, Boston University, USA;1. University of Minnesota, United States;2. University of California – Riverside, United States;3. University of Connecticut, United States;4. University of Missouri, United States;5. University at Buffalo, United States;6. University of California – Davis, United States
Abstract:With the growing adoption and implementation of multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) in school settings, there is increasing need for rigorous evaluations of adaptive-sequential interventions. That is, MTSS specify universal, selected, and indicated interventions to be delivered at each tier of support, yet few investigations have empirically examined the continuum of supports that are provided to students both within and across tiers. This need is compounded by a variety of prevention approaches that have been developed with distinct theoretical foundations (e.g., Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports, Social-Emotional Learning) that are available within and across tiers. As evidence-based interventions continue to flourish, school-based practitioners greatly need evaluations regarding optimal treatment sequencing. To this end, we describe adaptive treatment strategies as a natural fit within the MTSS framework. Specifically, sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMART) offer a promising empirical approach to rigorously develop and compare adaptive treatment regimens within this framework.
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