4～7岁儿童基于不同可信度特质和情景的信任判断

以120名4～7岁儿童为研究对象, 采用改编后的对偶选择范式, 探讨儿童基于两种不同的可信度特质(善良和能力)和两个与信任有关的情景进行的信任判断能力。结果显示:(1)4~7岁儿童在善良情景正确判断率都高于随机水平, 而在能力情景中, 仅6岁和7岁儿童的正确率显著高于随机水平; (2)6岁儿童虽然已经具备依据可信度特质和情景做出正确的信任判断的能力, 但是在善意情景中的信任判断能力要好于在能力情景中的信任判断能力, 而7岁儿童在能力情景和善意情景中的信任判断能力则没有显著差异;(3)同时考虑两种可信度特质和情景时, 5～7 岁儿童的正确率高于了随机水平, 并且6、7岁儿童的正确率要显著高于5岁儿童。这些结果表明儿童到了5岁才初步发展出同时考虑可信度特质和情景进行信任判断的能力, 直到7岁这一能力才相对成熟和稳定。

4- to 7-Year-olds' Trust Judgment Based on Trustee's Trustworthiness Traits and Scenarios

The study was aimed to investigate children's ability to make trust judgment based on two different trustworthiness traits (benevolence and competence) and trust-related scenarios. 120 children aged 4 to 7 were included and the adapted dual choice paradigm was used in the study. The results showed that:(1) In the scenario related to benevolence, the judgment accuracy of 4 to 7 year-old children was significantly higher than the random level. However, in the scenario related to competence, only 6-year-old and 7-year-old children's judgment accuracy was significantly higher than the random level; (2) Based on their understanding of trustworthiness traits and trust-related scenarios, 6-year-old children already had the ability to make the right judgment of trust. Even so, these children made better judgments in the scenario related to benevolence rather than in the scenario related to competence. However, 7-year-old children did not show significant difference in both scenarios; (3) When taking both the trustworthiness traits and scenarios into consideration, 5 to 7 year-old children's judgment accuracy was significantly higher than the random level. Moreover, when comparing the judgment accuracy of children of different ages, both 6-year-old children and 7-year-old children did significantly better than 5-year-old children. These results suggest that when children up to 5 years old, they begin to develop the ability of considering both the trustworthiness traits and scenarios when making trust judgment. Furthermore, this kind of ability become mature and stable when children up to 7 years old.