3～5岁幼儿基于面孔的信任判断的发展

本研究通过两个实验探讨了262名3~5岁幼儿基于面孔的信任判断能力及其年龄间差异。结果发现:(1)实验1中,当陌生面孔单张呈现时,3岁幼儿还不能正确地区分被成人评价为可信和不可信的面孔,而4、5岁幼儿已经能够基于面孔特征做出与成人基本一致的信任判断;(2)实验2中,当配对呈现可信vs.不可信两张面孔时,3~5岁幼儿都能够在日常交往情境中依据陌生交往者的面孔特征做出与成人基本一致的信任判断,并且随着年龄的增长,信任判断准确率逐步提高。这些结果表明幼儿从3岁开始已经能够基于面孔做出信任判断,随着年龄的增长,信任判断能力逐步发展。

The Development of 3-to 5-Year-olds' Trust Judgment Based on Face

The present study investigated the developmental changes in the ability to make trust judgements based on strangers' face. A total of 262 children aged 3- to 5-year-olds were asked to make trust judgments in two studies. The results showed: (1) When children were showed by only one face of stranger, 4-to 5-year-olds could use facial characters to make trust judgment, but 3-year-olds' performances were in the random level; (2) When children were showed with the trustworthy and untrustworthy faces simultaneously during the trust-related interaction situations, 3-to 5-year-olds could make trust judgment based on face, and the accuracy of judgments increased with age. In conclusion, these findings suggested that children from 3-year-olds could make trust judgments based on face druing the initial interactions, and the ability of trust judgment was improved with age.