企业员工工作伦理的结构

采用自行研制的工作伦理问卷, 通过对全国8个城市955名员工、6所高校508名在校大学生以及两大军区461名现役军人进行问卷调查, 对企业员工工作伦理的因素结构进行了探讨。探索性因素分析(n=478)表明, 企业员工工作伦理由职业操守、工作意义、勤奋奉献、积极进取和人际和谐5个维度构成。验证性因素分析(n=477)结果表明五因素模型是比较理想的模型。复核效化检验结果表明, 基于企业员工样本得到的工作伦理五因素结构在大学生样本(n=508)和军人样本(n=461)中具有一定程度的稳定性与预测力。文章最后对企业员工工作伦理维度的构成和内容进行了分析讨论。

The Construct of Employee's Work Ethic in China

With the gradual formation of the global economic integration, more and more enterprises are facing the dilem-mas to balance the economic benefits and social benefits, or the pursuit of corporate profits and complying with mor-als and ethics. Ethical issues in organizations have been regarded as one of the core elements which can obtain com-petitive edges. Consequently, issue of business ethic have emerged under such circumstances and received more and more attention in the global literature. Business ethic is composed of two aspects: organizational ethic and work ethic. Organizational ethic refers to the rules of conduct and the ethical norms which should be followed when organiza-tions engaged in commercial activities and dealt with the relationship between inside and outside organizations. Work ethic, as an aspect of organizational ethic, is a series of ethic norms which the employees comply with when they perform their job, interact with others and treat environment in the workplace. Since Weber proposed that the Protes-tant work ethic was the origin of the Spirit of Capitalism, the study on the work ethic of employees has yielded some achievement in the field of the western organizational behavior. Moreover, it has become one of the critical issues in the fields of organizational behavior and human resource management. However, limited data are available in China regarding the importance of work ethic in human resource management and organizational behavior. Therefore, the current study was designed to development a measure of work ethic among Chinese employees (eg., The Work Ethic Questionnaire) to test and cross-validate the construct of the work ethic. The methods used in this study involved literature review, interview, pilot-testing and survey. Based on the literature review, interview and pilot-testing, items for the Work Ethic Questionnaire were developed. The sur-vey data were from 955 employees of 21 different enterprises and from various districts in China, 508 under-graduates of six universities and 461 soldiers from two military units. The survey data were mainly analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and cross-validation test. The result showed that work ethic of Chinese employees was a multi-dimension construct which included occu-pational integrity, work meaning, diligence, enterprising and interpersonal harmony. The Work Ethic Questionnaire had high validity and reliability. That’s to say, a five-dimension model could reflect the Chinese employees’ work ethic construct, which was different from the results of those researches in the West. At the same time, the five-dimension model was tested by using the cross-validation among college student sample and soldier sample and showed similar goodness-of-fit. The construct, content, and connotation of work ethic dimension and their differences compared to western results were discussed. Finally, further research needs were discussed. These needs include the examination of the impact of the work ethic, and the exploration of the factors that may influence work ethic.