不同推理水平儿童在图形推理任务中的眼动研究

以矩阵填充任务为材料,以眼动仪为研究工具,以3~6年级学生为被试,探讨图形推理中儿童推理过程的特征和策略使用的差异,以及推理能力高低组儿童完成图形推理任务的眼动模式差异.在本实验条件下,得出以下结论:(1)8岁以上儿童已经具备解决矩阵填充任务的逻辑思维能力,但高低水平组儿童在解决任务的能力水平上存在差异,高水平儿童的反应时较快、正确率较高;(2)在儿童推理的过程中,不同维度对推理过程的影响存在一定的层次:对形状、颜色维度的识别最容易,对大小维度的识别次之,对方向维度的识别最难;(3)高低水平组儿童获得策略的时间进程不同,差异主要产生在推理开始后的5~11秒这个阶段,在这一阶段中,高水平组儿童对方向这一较难维度的识别和正确答案的识别都快于低水平组儿童,体现了高水平组儿童更强的信息加工能力.

The Eye-movements Study on Children With Different Ability Levels in the Figure Reasoning Problem

The children's cognition character in the course of figure reasoning problem was studied.Eye-tracking method is adopted in our study.The materials is matrix completion task(MC).We explored the different eye-tracking patterns on different dimensions.The results were as follows:(1) The children over 8-years-old have already had the logical ability to solve MC.The probability of fixation on right answer is highest.(2) The effect of different err to logic are different: form err and color err are easiest,the size err are easier,and the orientation err is difficult to children to find.(3) For high-ability children and low-ability children,the difference of the time course to strategy discovery appears from 5 to 11 second.High ability children are faster than low-ability children.