认知能力的毕生发展及其分离性和个体差异性研究

研究认知能力毕生发展过程及其分离性和个体差异性的变化。被试 1 993名 (1 0 - 90岁 ) ,完成加工速度、工作记忆、心算、空间表象和记忆再认等认知测验。结果表明 :1 )认知能力发展的发展在 1 6 - 1 9岁组达到高峰 ,2 0岁后随增龄而逐渐下降 ,不同认知能力发展的分离性在 60岁后明显增大 ;2 )几乎所有测验的个体差异性在 2 0岁之前随增龄而减小 ,在 2 0岁之后随增龄而增大 ;3)教育因素对认知能力老化过程的分离性和个体差异性有明显影响。

Life Cognitive Development:Its Separability and Individual Difference

This study, involving a sample of 1993 subjects of 10 t o 90 years of a ge and a battery of computer tests of processing speed, working memory, mental a rithmetic, spatial representation and memory recognition, was conducted to analy se the cognitive developmental course across the life span, the changes of cogni tive separability and individual difference. The results indicated that (1) The cogn itive ability increased with age from 10 to 19 years and decreased gradual ly with age from 20 to 90 years, and its separability increased obviously after 60 years of age. (2) The individual differences of almost all the test dat a decreased with age before 20 years of age, but increased with age after 20 yea rs of age. (3) Education had a significant effect on cognitive separability a nd individual difference in aging.