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An Ecological View of School Counselor Ratios and Student Academic Outcomes: A National Investigation
Authors:Emily Goodman‐Scott  Christopher A. Sink  Blaire E. Cholewa  Melanie Burgess
Affiliation:1. Counseling and Human ServicesOld Dominion University;2. Department of Human ServicesUniversity of Virginia
Abstract:The effect of student‐to‐school‐counselor ratios on academic outcomes has been widely studied, yet few researchers have taken a multilevel approach. Using the nationally representative High School Longitudinal Study: 2009 dataset, the authors found ratios were significantly associated with student grade point average (GPA) and graduation. Attending a Title I school also was associated with students’ GPA, advanced placement/international baccalaureate credits earned, and postsecondary course taking. The authors discuss implications for advocacy and practice, contextualizing their findings within an ecological framework.
Keywords:high school counselors  school counselor ratios  adolescents  academic outcomes  complex samples design
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