意识状态改变的心理生理学理论与实证研究

从“意识状态”解释人类意识的本质是当前意识心理学研究的一个重要取向。研究意识状态改变(ASC)的物质生理基础具有十分突出的理论和临床实践意义。意识状态改变可以分为自发、物理和生理原因、心理方式和疾病引起这样四个方面,不同类型的意识状态改变可以从激活、意识域、自我觉察和感觉振荡四个维度进行综合归类和分析。不仅脑结构功能状态、脑动力的暂时变化、神经化学过程和新陈代谢过程等因素影响着人的意识经验改变状态,而且环境变化、心理活动和自我控制及技巧也可以暂时改变人的意识功能状态。

Theoretical and Empirical Researches into the Psychophysiology of Altered States of Consciousness

currently explaining the essence of man's consciousness from the aspect of states of consciousness is one of the important orientations in consciousness psychology and researches into the physical and biological bases of altered states of consciousness(ASC) are of great theoretical and clinical significance.ASC can be classified into four categories,which are occurring spontaneously, evoked by physical and physiological stimulation,induced by psychological means and caused by diseases.The multiple ASC can be analyzed from four dimensions, that is,activation,awareness span,self-awareness,and sensory dynamics,which can well describe and explain the different levels of states of consciousness. Not only can a compromised brain structure,transient changes in brain dynamics,and neurochemical and metabolic processes exert influence on people's altered states of conscious experience but environmental stimuli,mental practices,and techniques of self-control can also temporarily alter functioning states of man's consciousness.