重复启动作业中词的语义透明度的作用

用词素重复启动的方法考察合成词的心理表征。目标刺激为２４个语义透明度词、２４个不透明词以及４８个非词（都是两个字）。启动刺激有５种：（１）目标词本身，（２）目标词的第一词素，（３）目标词的第二词素，（４）由目标词的两个词素颠倒后形成的非词，（５）包含目标词的一个词素的非词。启动刺激的呈现时间是１００毫秒，随后是目标刺激４００毫秒。被试的任务是尽快准确地按键判断目标刺激是否是一个词。研究发现，（２）、（３）、（５）条件下的重复启动中，透明度表现出显著的效应：透明词的启动量显著大于不透明词。结果支持合成词的表征受语义透明度的影响，透明词和不透明词的词素和整词在心理表征中的关系可能不同：前者是一种兴奋性的连接，后者是一种抑制性的连接。

THE ROLE OF SEMANTIC TRANSPARENCIES IN THE PROCESSING OF COMPOUND WORDS

The morpheme repeated prime paradigm was used to probe the mental representation of compound words. The targets were 24 semantic transparent words, 24 opaque words, and 48 nonwords (each consisted of two characters). Five types of primes were used. namely : (1) the targets themselves, (2) the first morphemes of the targets, (3) the second morphemes of the targets, (4) nonwords made of the second and first morphemes of the target words, and (5) morpheme-related nonwords. After a prime showing on the monitor for 100 msec, a target replaced it and lasted for 400 msec. Subjects were instructed to decide whether a target was a word or not as correctly and rapidly as possible. The primes for transparent words were significantly larger than those for opaque ones in the conditions of (2), (3), and (5). The result demonstrated the role of semantic transparency in the mental representation of compound words. It implied that the connection between a transparent word and its morpheme was different from that between an opaque word and its morpheme: the former might be excitatory and the latter inhibitory.