西北地区城乡中学生学习动机发展特点研究

运用问卷调查法对西北地区942名初一至高三学生的学习动机进行探讨。结果表明：学习动机呈现由附属性动机→威信性动机→认知性动机→成就性动机的强度递增特点，成就性动机是支配学习的优势动机；随年级升高城市生动机总强度下降趋势明显，农村生存在一定波动性；四类动机和归因在城乡、年级、性别之间存在差异，与学业成绩也有密切关系。教育教学改革应重视学习动力问题，加强对中学高年级学生、女生和城市生学习动机的培养与激发。

A Study on the development Characteristics of Urban and Rural Middle School Students' Learning Motivation in Northwest China

Learning motivation was studied through the questionnaire method with 942 subjects of middle school students from junior middle school Grade 1 to high school Grade 3 in the Northwest. Three major findings were obtained. First, learning motivation gradually increased in the following order: affiliation, prestige, cognition and achievement motivation,achievement motivation being dominant in the learning motivation of middle school students. Second, learning motivation decreased with the grade going up, which was obvious among city students, and fluctuated among rural students. Third, the four kinds of motivation and attribution factors had some difference between the city and the countryside, grades and gender, and they were related closely with learning performance. During the education reform we should pay more attention to the problem of learning motivation and improve the learning motivation of middle school students of higher grades, female students, and city students.