共情与中国民族音乐情绪识别的关系：来自ERP的证据

音乐情绪识别能力是利用音乐开展情绪调节的基本条件。传统的以五声音阶为基础的具有独特韵味的中国民族音乐反映了中国人独有的情感和价值观念, 在情绪调节和音乐治疗方面具有积极的作用, 是研究音乐情绪识别的有效音乐刺激。本研究采用跨通道情绪启动范式, 通过人际反应指针问卷筛选出高、低共情组被试各36人参加脑电实验, 考察共情能力对中国民族音乐情绪识别的影响。脑电数据显示, 在进行中国民族音乐情绪内隐识别时, 将宫调和羽调音乐作为启动刺激, 诱发了中期的P2、N400以及晚期正成分LPC (Late Positive Component)。低共情组P2和N400成分的波幅大于高共情组, 高共情组LPC成分的波幅大于低共情组。本研究第一次从电生理层面考察了不同共情能力的个体在进行中国民族音乐情绪识别时的神经反应差异。高低共情组在中国民族音乐情绪识别不同阶段的注意投入可能影响了其对音乐刺激的感受, 进而影响音乐情绪识别。

Relationship between empathy and emotion recognition in Chinese national music: An event-related potential study evidence

Musical emotion is an emotional response induced by musical stimulation. Music emotion recognition is a process in which individuals evaluate the emotions contained in or intended to be expressed in music. The ability to recognize musical emotions is one manifestation of the development of social cognition, which is also the premise of music appreciation and the basis of emotional regulation by music. If the emotional recognition ability of music is impaired, the aesthetic, spiritual, and practical values will be reduced, and the individual’s emotional understanding and communication will also be affected. Therefore, the factors related to music emotion recognition and how to improve the ability of individual music emotion recognition have become a concern for researchers in music psychology. The study found that personality’s “empathy” trait may be related to recognizing musical emotions. Empathy is the ability to perceive and experience other people’s emotional states accurately. Individuals with strong empathy are more susceptible to emotional infections and are more sensitive to emotions. Thus, from the perspective of musical psychological localization, this study investigated the possible influence of empathy differences on emotion recognition in Chinese national music. The hypotheses were as follows: first, in the emotional judgment stage, compared with the low empathy group, the high empathy group is more accurate in the recognition of musical emotion, easier to judge the consistency and inconsistency, and the amplitude of the P2 and N400 components are smaller. Second, in the stage of emotional meaning integration, the high empathy group processes the musical emotion more deeply and invests more attention resources, and the amplitude of the late positive component (LPC) is larger.