| 智力运动专家领域内知觉与记忆的加工特点及其机制 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵冰洁,张琪涵,陈怡馨,章鹏,白学军. 智力运动专家领域内知觉与记忆的加工特点及其机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2022, 30(9): 1993-2003. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.01993 |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵冰洁 张琪涵 陈怡馨 章鹏 白学军 |
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| 作者单位： | 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院, 天津师范大学心理学部, 国民心理健康评估与促进协同创新中心, 天津 300387 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金重大项目(20ZDA079);全国文化名家暨四个一批人才项目资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 智力运动是以开发智力为目的且涉及到较多认知活动的竞技运动。研究表明, 长期的智力运动经验会影响专家在领域内任务中知觉及记忆的行为表现及其大脑活动。智力运动经验使专家知觉广度增大的同时, 促进专家对棋子关系进行整体性知觉加工, 且这一过程与颞顶联合区、缘上回、压后皮质、侧副沟、梭状回等区域有关; 在长时记忆中存储的具体(空间位置)及抽象信息(知识、策略、棋子关系等)是专家记忆优势发生的基础, 该过程与内侧颞叶、额叶和顶叶有关。未来研究可以从智力运动类型、创新实验范式, 结合测量设备及认知特点, 深入探讨智力运动专家整体知觉优势及记忆优势的神经机制, 为人工智能和技能训练等提供理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 智力运动 整体知觉优势 记忆优势 抽象信息 大脑可塑性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-04-10 |
Processing characteristics and mechanisms of perception and memory of mind sports experts in domain-specific tasks |
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| ZHAO Bingjie,ZHANG Qihan,CHEN Yixin,ZHANG Peng,BAI Xuejun. Processing characteristics and mechanisms of perception and memory of mind sports experts in domain-specific tasks[J]. Advances In Psychological Science, 2022, 30(9): 1993-2003. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2022.01993 |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Bingjie ZHANG Qihan CHEN Yixin ZHANG Peng BAI Xuejun |
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| Affiliation: | Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University; Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University; Center of Collaborative Innovation for Assessment and Promotion of Mental Health, Tianjin 300387, China |
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| Abstract: | Mind sports are competitive sports that aim at developing intelligence and involves multiple high-level cognitive processing. Deliberate practice enables the mind sports experts to exhibit steady expertise effects in domain-specific tasks. A review of previous research reveals that perception and memory are not only the basis of high-level cognitive functions, but also the central to the mind sports expert advantage. That is, the extraordinary performance of the mind sports experts is based on their perceptual and memory advantage. In this paper, we summarize the cognitive neural mechanisms through which expert perception and memory are influenced by the experience of mind sports from the perspective of cognitive neuropsychology to reveal the intrinsic processing patterns and neural mechanisms of the expertise effects in mind sports. |
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| Keywords: | mind sports holistic perceptual advantage memory advantage abstract information brain plasticity |
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