Associations Between Family Environment, Parenting Practices, and Executive Functioning of Children with and Without ADHD |
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| Authors: | Valarie M Schroeder Michelle L Kelley |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Community Health, Wright State University, 3171 Research Boulevard, Kettering, OH 45420, USA;(2) Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA |
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| Abstract: | We examined the relationships between executive functioning, family environment, and parenting practices in children diagnosed
with ADHD as compared to children without ADHD. Participants were parents (N = 134) of 6- to 12-year-old ADHD and non-ADHD-diagnosed children. Compared to the control group, parents of children diagnosed
with ADHD reported their children as exhibiting greater problems with behavioral control and metacognitive abilities, and
described their family environments as less organized and higher in family conflict. Family environment and parenting practices
were not correlated with behavioral control or metacognitive abilities in children with ADHD. In children without ADHD, higher
levels of family cohesion, organization, and expressiveness, and lower levels of family conflict, were significantly correlated
with greater behavioral control. Higher levels of family cohesion and organization were significantly and positively associated
with regulation of metacognitive abilities in children without ADHD. In general, aspects of the family environment and parental
limit setting appear to be associated with the development of executive functions in children not diagnosed with ADHD; however,
family environment and parenting practices were not associated with executive functions in children diagnosed with ADHD. |
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| Keywords: | ADHD Executive function Family environment Parenting Self-control |
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