汉字义符在汉语动作动词意义认知中的作用

通过4个实验，探讨汉字义符在汉语动作动词意义认知中的作用。实验1探讨汉字义符对认知动作动词的动作器官意义的影响。结果表明，当义符与动作器官一致时，会促进对动作动词的动作器官意义的认知；当义符与动作器官不一致时，会抑制对动作动词的动作器官意义的认知。实验2探讨汉字义符对认知动作动词的动作工具意义的影响。结果表明，当义符与动作工具一致时，会促进对动作动词的动作工具意义的认知；当义符与动作工具不一致或无关时，会抑制对动作动词的动作工具意义的认知。实验3探讨汉字义符的作用是否随词频而变化。结果表明，当义符与动作器官一致时，对高频词和低频词动作器官意义的认知不存在显著差异；不一致时，对高频词动作器官意义的认知比对低频词快。实验4探讨汉字义符与动作器官是否一致对具体性不同的动作动词的动作器官意义认知的影响。结果表明，当义符与动作器官一致时，对具体性高的词和具体性低的词的动作器官意义的认知不存在显著差异；不一致时，对具体性高的词的动作器官意义的认知比对具体性低的词快。整个研究表明，汉语动词的结构特点影响对动作动词的动作器官或动作工具意义的认知。

The Role of Chinese Characters' "Yifu" in Cognition of Chinese Action Verbs' Meaning

Using a revised reaction time technique，four experiments were conducted to probe into the role of Chinese characters’ Yifu in cognition of Chinese action verbs’ meaning.　Experiment 1 explored the effects of Yifu on the cognition of action organ’s meaning of action verbs.　The results showed that the Yifu which is in consistent with action organs promoted the cognition of the verbs’ meaning of action organs，while the Yifu which is in inconsistent with action organs inhabited the cognition of the verbs’ meaning of action organs.　Experiment 2 investigated the effects of Yifu on recognizing of the meaning of action verb’s action tools.The results showed that when Yifu is in consistent with action tools would advance the cognition of the meaning of action verbs’ action tools; while they were inconsistent with each other would inhabited the cognition of the meaning of action verbs’ action tools. Experiment 3 probed into whether or not the role of Yifu varied with frequencies of the words. The results showed that when Yifu is in consistent with the action organs，there weren’t notable differences between the cognition of high frequency words and that of low frequency words; while they were in inconsistent with each other, the cognition of the action organ’s meaning of high frequency words were speeder than that of low frequency words. Experiment 4 explored the effects of whether or not Yifu is consistent with action organs on the cognition of action organ’s meaning of action verbs which were different in concreteness. The results showed that when Yifu is in consistent with the action organs，there weren’t remarkable differences between the cognition of high concrete words and that of low concrete words; when they were in inconsistent with each other, the cognition of action organ’s meaning of high concrete words was faster than that of low concrete words. The whole study indicated the structure characteristics of Chinese words affected the cognition of the meaning of action organs or tools.