Comparisons of learning procedures: Effects of constant and random presentations |
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Authors: | Chizuko Izawa |
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Affiliation: | Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | The retention interval hypothesis (Izawa 1972) was formulated on the basis of retention interval distributions given in random order to account for inconsistent performance differences between anticipation and study-test procedures, which have been regarded as a puzzle for nearly two decades. Under the anticipation procedure a presentation of the stimulus term of a paired-associate (a test event) is immediately followed by a presentation of both stimulus and response terms of the pair (a study event), whereas under the study-test procedure, study and test events are given on separate cycles. The retention interval hypothesis was specifically tested in a situation without any random distributions of the retention intervals i.e., under a constant item presentation order from cycle to cycle, in addition to random presentation orders, in a paired-associate learning experiment, using 80 college students. As predicted by the theory, significantly superior performances were obtained for the study-test method vis-à-vis the anticipation method also under a constant item presentation order. The constant presentation-order- arrangements significantly outperformed the random ones. Directions for further theoretical elaborations are suggested. |
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Keywords: | Requests for reprints should be sent to Chizuko Izawa Department of Psychology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118 U.S.A.. |
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