Test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Helplessness, Hopelessness, and Haplessness Scale in patients with anxiety disorders |
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| Authors: | Vatan Sevginar Ertaş Sedar Lester David |
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| Affiliation: | Hacettepe University. |
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| Abstract: | In a sample of 100 Turkish psychiatric patients with diagnoses of anxiety disorders, Lester's Helplessness, Hopelessness, and Haplessness inventory had moderate estimates of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. |
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