Change in intraindividual variability over time as a key metric for defining performance-based cognitive fatigability |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science, University of Portsmouth, Guildhall Walk, Portsmouth PO1 2ER, United Kingdom;2. Department Sport and Exercise Science, Institute for Sport, University of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 6PE, United Kingdom;3. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Northumberland Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom;4. Department of Sport, Health and Nutrition, Leeds Trinity University, Brownberrie Lane, Horsforth, LS18 5HD, United Kingdom;1. Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA;2. Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China;3. Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of International Business, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China;4. Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China;5. Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA;6. School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China;7. National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China;1. Kliniken Schmieder Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany;2. University of Surrey, Guildford, UK;3. Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder Allensbach, Allensbach, Germany;4. Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;5. Department of Psychology, University Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Cognitive fatigability is conventionally quantified as the increase over time in either mean reaction time (RT) or error rate from two or more time periods during sustained performance of a prolonged cognitive task. There is evidence indicating that these mean performance measures may not sufficiently reflect the response characteristics of cognitive fatigue. We hypothesized that changes in intraindividual variability over time would be a more sensitive and ecologically meaningful metric for investigations of fatigability of cognitive performance. To test the hypothesis fifteen young adults were recruited. Trait fatigue perceptions in various domains were assessed with the Multidimensional Fatigue Index (MFI). Behavioral data were then recorded during performance of a three-hour continuous cued Stroop task. Results showed that intraindividual variability, as quantified by the coefficient of variation of RT, increased linearly over the course of three hours and demonstrated a significantly greater effect size than mean RT or accuracy. Change in intraindividual RT variability over time was significantly correlated with relevant subscores of the MFI including reduced activity, reduced motivation and mental fatigue. While change in mean RT over time was also correlated with reduced motivation and mental fatigue, these correlations were significantly smaller than those associated with intraindividual RT variability. RT distribution analysis using an ex-Gaussian model further revealed that change in intraindividual variability over time reflects an increase in the exponential component of variance and may reflect attentional lapses or other breakdowns in cognitive control. These results suggest that intraindividual variability and its change over time provide important metrics for measuring cognitive fatigability and may prove useful for inferring the underlying neuronal mechanisms of both perceptions of fatigue and objective changes in performance. |
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| Keywords: | Fatigability Stroop Fatigue Intraindividual variability Cognition |
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