Uncertainty and confidence from the triple-network perspective: Voxel-based meta-analyses |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychosis, Institute of Psychiatry, de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom;2. Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, Dept. of Communication & Psychology, Kroghsstraede 3, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;3. Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, MindLab, CFIN, Aarhus University, Noerrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;1. Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA.;1. Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, 89122 Italy;2. Rice University, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA;3. Shandong Jianzhu University, China;4. Tongji University, China;1. Section of Palliative Care, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA;2. Health Education, Engagement and Promotion, Department of Patient Experience, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, California, USA;1. Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1,7), 52425 Jülich, Germany;2. Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;3. Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;4. Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, United States;5. Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, United States;6. Institute of Comparative Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf Germany |
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| Abstract: | Our subjective confidence about particular events is related to but independent from the objective certainty of the stimuli we encounter. Surprisingly, previous investigations of the neurophysiological correlates of confidence and uncertainty have largely been carried out separately. After systematically reviewing the blood oxygenation-level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) literature, and splitting studies on the basis of their task requirements, a voxel-based meta-analysis was performed to identify: (i) those regions which are replicably modulated by the uncertainty of environmental conditions; (ii) those regions whose activity is robustly affected by our subjective confidence; and (iii) those regions differentially activated at these contrasting times. In further meta-analyses the consistency of activation between these judgement types was assessed. Increased activation was consistently observed in the salience (anterior cingulate cortex and insula) and central executive network (dorsolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices) in conditions of increased uncertainty; by contrast, default mode network (midline cortical and medial temporal lobe) regions robustly exhibited a positive relationship with subjective confidence. Regions including right parahippocampal gyrus were positively modulated by magnitude across both certainty and confidence judgements. This region was also shown to be more significantly modulated by confidence magnitude as compared with degree of environmental certainty. The functional and methodological implications of these findings are discussed with a view to improving future investigation of the neural basis of metacognitive judgement. |
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| Keywords: | Confidence Uncertainty fMRI Meta-analysis |
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