Expert athletes activate somatosensory and motor planning regions of the brain when passively listening to familiar sports sounds |
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| Institution: | 1. The University of Houston, Department of Psychology, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX 77204, USA;2. The University of Chicago, Department of Psychology, 5848 South University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;1. Department of Information Engineering, Engineering University of Armed Police Force;2. Key Laboratory of sports performance evaluation and technical analysis, Capital Institute of Physical Education;3. School of Automation and Information Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology;4. School of equipment engineering, Engineering University of Armed Police Force;1. Robotics Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;2. Bielefeld University, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bielefeld 33501, Germany;3. Research Institute for Cognition and Robotics (CoR-Lab), Bielefeld 33501, Germany;4. Center of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology (CITEC), Bielefeld 33501, Germany;5. Human Motor Control Laboratory, School of Psychology, The University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay Campus, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia;1. Liverpool John Moores University, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, UK;2. Liverpool John Moores University, School of Sport Studies, Leisure and Nutrition, UK;1. Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162 Heping East Road Section 1, Da-an District, Taipei 106, Republic of China (Taiwan);2. Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Albert Schweitzerstr. 22, 55128 Mainz, Germany;3. School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, No. 200, Hengren Road., Yangpu Dist., Shanghai 200438, China;4. Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162 Heping East Road Section 1, Da-an District, Taipei 106, Republic of China (Taiwan);5. Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, No.101, Sec. 2, Zhongcheng Rd., Shilin Dist., Taipei, Taiwan;6. China Table Tennis College, Shanghai University of Sport, No. 200, Hengren Road., Yangpu Dist., Shanghai 200438, China;1. School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK;2. Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK;3. Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;4. School of Sport, Health, and Applied Science, St. Mary''s University, Twickenham, TW1 4SX, UK |
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| Abstract: | The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined the neural response to familiar and unfamiliar, sport and non-sport environmental sounds in expert and novice athletes. Results revealed differential neural responses dependent on sports expertise. Experts had greater neural activation than novices in focal sensorimotor areas such as the supplementary motor area, and pre- and postcentral gyri. Novices showed greater activation than experts in widespread areas involved in perception (i.e. supramarginal, middle occipital, and calcarine gyri; precuneus; inferior and superior parietal lobules), and motor planning and processing (i.e. inferior frontal, middle frontal, and middle temporal gyri). These between-group neural differences also appeared as an expertise effect within specific conditions. Experts showed greater activation than novices during the sport familiar condition in regions responsible for auditory and motor planning, including the inferior frontal gyrus and the parietal operculum. Novices only showed greater activation than experts in the supramarginal gyrus and pons during the non-sport unfamiliar condition, and in the middle frontal gyrus during the sport unfamiliar condition. These results are consistent with the view that expert athletes are attuned to only the most familiar, highly relevant sounds and tune out unfamiliar, irrelevant sounds. Furthermore, these findings that athletes show activation in areas known to be involved in action planning when passively listening to sounds suggests that auditory perception of action can lead to the re-instantiation of neural areas involved in producing these actions, especially if someone has expertise performing the actions. |
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| Keywords: | Action perception Athlete expertise Auditory processing Embodied cognition Motor planning Passive listening |
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