Brief,pre-retrieval stress differentially influences long-term memory depending on sex and corticosteroid response |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, Sociology, & Criminal Justice, Ohio Northern University, Ada, OH 45810, USA;2. Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, OH 45810, USA;3. College of Pharmacy and Program for Novel Therapeutics in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Henderson, NV 89014, USA;1. Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China;2. Transplantation Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China;1. Trier University, Germany;2. Saarland University, Germany;1. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands;1. University of California, Davis, Department of Psychology, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;2. University of California, Davis, Center for Neuroscience, 1644 Newton Court, Davis, CA 95616, USA |
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| Abstract: | Previous work has indicated that stress generally impairs memory retrieval. However, little research has addressed discrepancies that exist in this line of work and the factors that could explain why stress can exert differential effects on retrieval processes. Therefore, we examined the influence of brief, pre-retrieval stress that was administered immediately before testing on long-term memory in males and females. Participants learned a list of 42 words varying in emotional valence and arousal. Following the learning phase, participants were given an immediate free recall test. Twenty-four hours later, participants submerged their non-dominant hand in a bath of ice cold (Stress) or warm (No Stress) water for 3 min. Immediately following this manipulation, participants’ memory for the word list was assessed via free recall and recognition tests. We observed no group differences on short-term memory. However, male participants who showed a robust cortisol response to the stress exhibited enhanced long-term recognition memory, while male participants who demonstrated a blunted cortisol response to the stress exhibited impaired long-term recall and recognition memory. These findings suggest that the effects of brief, pre-retrieval stress on long-term memory are sex-specific and mediated by corticosteroid mechanisms. |
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| Keywords: | Amygdala Cortisol Emotion Hippocampus Memory Stress |
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