Self-Knowledge and Narcissism in Iranians: Relationships with Empathy and Self-Esteem |
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Authors: | Nima Ghorbani P. J. Watson Fatemeh Hamzavy Bart L. Weathington |
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Affiliation: | (1) University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;(2) Psychology/Department #2803, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 350 Holt Hall—615 McCallie Avenue, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA; |
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Abstract: | Self-knowledge is a Muslim psychological ideal, but social theory suggests that the dynamics of narcissism and self-esteem may challenge the stability of Muslim society. In Iranian university students, an Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale displayed relationships with narcissism, self-esteem, and empathy that reflected relative mental health; and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory included factors that pointed toward adjustment as well as maladjustment. Evidence that narcissism predicted positive forms of self-functioning was more obvious in men than in women. Outcomes further confirmed that self-knowledge is as an adaptive process in Iran and that narcissism and self-esteem may have noteworthy implications for understanding Muslim society. |
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