Interference resolution in major depression |
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Authors: | Jutta Joormann Derek Evan Nee Marc G Berman John Jonides Ian H Gotlib |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Psychology,University of Miami,Coral Gables;2.University of Michigan,Ann Arbor;3.Stanford University,Palo Alto |
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Abstract: | In two experiments, we investigated individual differences in the ability to resolve interference in participants diagnosed
with major depressive disorder (MDD). Participants were administered the “Ignore/Suppress” task, a short-term memory task
composed of two steps. In Step 1 (“ignore”), participants were instructed to memorize a set of stimuli while ignoring simultaneously
presented irrelevant material. In Step 2 (“suppress”), participants were instructed to forget a subset of the previously memorized
material. The ability to resolve interference was indexed by response latencies on two recognition tasks in which participants
decided whether a probe was a member of the target set. In Step 1, we compared response latencies to probes from the to-be-ignored
list with response latencies to nonrecently presented items. In Step 2, we compared response latencies to probes from the
to-be-suppressed list with response latencies to nonrecently presented items. The results indicate that, compared with control
participants, depressed participants exhibited increased interference in the “suppress” but not in the “ignore” step of the
task, when the stimuli were negative words. No group differences were obtained when we presented letters instead of emotional
words. These findings indicate that depression is associated with difficulty in removing irrelevant negative material from
short-term memory. |
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