幼儿的情绪表现规则知识发展及其与家庭情绪表露、社会行为的相关研究

通过幼儿情绪表现规则知识的访谈、家庭情绪表露问卷和幼儿社会行为评估问卷调查,考察了112名3～6岁幼儿情绪表现规则知识的发展及其与家庭情绪表露、社会行为的关系。结果表明:(1)幼儿的表情调节知识存在显著的年龄差异,大班幼儿比小班幼儿具有更高的表情调节知识、更倾向于掩饰消极情绪;(2)幼儿的表情调节知识与情绪表达的人际支持、工具支持的结果期望存在显著正相关,即幼儿掩饰消极情绪是因为预期情绪表达不会得到他人理解和帮助;(3)幼儿报告面对父母同伴教师不同在场者时具有不同的情绪体验,且幼儿的人际支持结果预期存在年龄和在场者的交互作用;(4)家庭情绪表露与幼儿的人际支持的结果预期存在显著正相关、与工具支持的结果预期存在显著负相关;(5)倾向于掩饰消极情绪的幼儿表现出更多的亲社会行为,认为表达消极情绪会带来不良结果的幼儿表现出更多的害羞退缩行为。

Young Children's Use of Emotional Expression Rules and its Relation to Family Emotional Expression and Social Behaviors

Emotional expression rules include expression regulation knowledge and expectations of outcome of emotional expression.The study examined 112 3~6 years old children's use of emotional expression rules and its relation to family emotional expression and social behaviors.The results demonstrate:(1)Children's display rules had significant grade difference,and 5 year-old children were more likely to use display rules than 3 year-old children.(2)Children masked emotion when they expected not to receive interpersonal support or instrumental assistance.(3)Children reported different emotion in a variety of audience figures.And interpersonal support from audience figures was varied as a function of children's age.(4)Mothers.and fathers.perceptions of family expressiveness were positively correlated with interpersonal support and negatively correlat ed with instrumental assistance.(5)Children's use of display rules can positively predict the prosocial behavior,while children's expectation of negative results can negatively predict the shyness-withdrawn.