想象重要他人对自我评价转移的影响

研究目的：本研究的目的是在中国文化背景下，考察想象不同的重要他人对于个体自我评价转移的影响，并探讨自尊在其中的调节作用。考虑到大学生年龄相当，拥有相似的角色经验，故本研究选用了大二女生作为被试。研究选择了三类重要他人：父母、同性朋友、异性朋友（包括男朋友），由于每一类重要他人所对应的关系自我各不相同，所以研究编制了针对不同重要他人的自我评价特质词表，作为因变量测量的工具。 过程与方法：本研究设计了两个实验，实验中将用到录音机。实验一为单因素实验设计，在三个实验室同时展开，各个实验室的想象重要他人分别为父母、同性朋友、异性朋友。主试告知参与者，本实验将进行一项大学女生的想象力测试，首先聆听一段描写风景的散文录音，进行想象练习。然后请她们在头脑中想象一位指定的重要他人，比如想象重要他人的形象、语言、行为等特征，尽可能详细生动。想象结束，首先请被试回忆并填写刚才想象的主要内容。然后告诉被试，另一个课题组正在搜集有关“当代大学生自我形象”的资料，请她们帮忙填写《自我评价特质词表》，对自己的一些特质进行评价。最后，主试向参与者致谢并进行了解释。实验二的想象重要他人为同性朋友和男朋友，实验过程与实验一基本一致，在自我评价测量中采用了专门针对“同性朋友”和“男朋友”的量表，并在想象完成后填写自尊量表。 结果与结论：本研究所有统计检验的显著性水平在a<0.05的水平上进行。研究探讨了中国文化背景下大学女生的关系自我评价特质，发现其与西方文化背景下的关系自我评价特质显著不同。证明了想象重要他人影响个体自我评价的维度，并会产生自我评价转移的现象，没有发现自尊变量的调节作用。

Effects of Imagining Significant Others on Self-evaluation Shifts

Relative self is one of the most interesting constructs,in personality and social psychology.The relationship between significant others and relative selves has attracted a lot of attention in recent years.If one of the significant others was primed,the corresponding relative self would be activated,which would influence the individual’s thoughts and behaviors further.The objectives of this article are to explore the impacts of imagining significant others on individual’s self-evaluation shifts in the Chinese culture context,and to investigate the possible effects of self-esteem.As college students had similar role experience,80 temale sophomore students were recruited as participants.This study selected three kinds of significant others parents,intimate same-sex friends and opposite-sex friends(including boyfriends).Because the relative selves corresponding to different significant others were different,the researchers developed special traits forms about self-evaluation in order to measure the dependent variables.This study included two experiments,and a recorder was used.Experiment 1 adopted a single-factor design.The independent variable was significant others,with three levels(father or mother,a same-sex friend,an opposite-sex friend).At the beginning of the experiment,the participants were told to take a test about their imagination.Firstly,they took warm-up exercises by listening to a piece of landscape prose recording.Then,the participants were asked to imagine one of the designated significant others vividly.After the imagination,the participants recalled and wrote down what they had imagined.Then,the experimenter asked the participants to fill in the Self-valuation Traits Form to help another research group which was engaged in the investigation on self-image of contemporary college students.Finally,the participants received a detailed debriefing form.The procedure of Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1,except that the former measured self-esteem after the imagination,and its significant others were only same-sex friends and boyfriends.The significance level of statistic tests in this study was α <.05.The results indicated that(1) the participants regarded themselves more gregarious and independent after they imagined their parents than those imaging a same-sex friend,and higher morals and more gregarious than those imaging an opposite-sex friend;(2) the participants regarded themselves more neurotic after they imagined their boy-friends than those imaging same-sex friends.Selfesteem didn’t show any effects.To sum up,the researchers explored the relative selves evaluation traits of college girls in China,which were different from those obtained in the Western culture context.The experiments proved that imagining significant others may influence individual’s self-evaluation dimension,which was called self-evaluation shifts.