面向汉语认知与功能特征的语法逻辑

本文研究范畴语法的两种扩充，一是从认知特征角度的扩充，将范畴语法扩充为认知特征范畴语法，通过具有完全性的逻辑证明解决了一些不合语言事实的句子判别问题；二是从功能特征角度的扩充，提出逻辑推理的形式和进一步将二者统一的可能性问题。

The Grammar Logic Orienting the Cognition and Function Features of Chinese Language

The paper studied two generalization of category grammar： categorial grammar is extended to category grammar with cognitive and function features in Chinese language; in the former we obtain a logic L@] that is proved sound and complete with respect to a so-called restricted powerset residuated semigroup. The research presented in this paper follows the parsing as deduction approach to linguistics. We use Lambek program to study the syntax of Chinese language and in the view of cognitive and function features. Our aim is to investigate the logical structure of a new categofial grammar and explore the possibilities it offers for analyzing some special Chinese language structures and their interpretation. The paper is divided into several sections. In section 1, we introduce the back- ground assumptions of the cognitive and function approach in linguistics, and we sketch the developments that have led to the introduction of Lambek program. We discuss the motivation for using logical methods in linguistic analysis. In section 2, we propose our view on the use of cognitive features as ＇logical type＇ through the analysis of some special examples from Chinese expressions. In section 3, we set up a Lambek logic L@] taking into account the cognitive dimensions of linguistic expressions. In section 4, We develop a semantic theory of L@] that is proved sound and complete with respect to a so-called restricted powerset residuated semigroup. In section 5, a different logic is constructed. It is setup in the view of functional feature from natural language, based on the form of Hoare logic, which gives the way to the verification of computer program. We have found some inference rules, and whether these rules are complete for some semantics will remain for further research. Throughout the paper we focus attention on two mainstreams of linguistic research. This intention refers both to the development of the extension of Lambek logic orienting to the cognitive and function feature one finds in Chinese language. While grammar does require the learning of many forms, the same is true of lexicon, which inspires much less dread and is often a source of wonder and amusement. Furthermore, portraying grammar as a purely lexical type system is not just wrong but wrong-headed. The paper argued, instead, that grammar is cognitively and functionally meaningful for Chinese language.