基于线索的顿悟问题解决:图式和表征操作的影响

对小学、初中、高中学生共270名被试在不同线索条件下解决顿悟问题T puzzle的表现进行研究,结果表明:(1)由于图式运用水平的发展,知觉定势在单一线索下对高二被试的限制作用更为明显,导致小学五年级和初中二年级被试的问题解决时间短于高中二年级;(2)由于表征操作能力发展水平的限制,增大需操作表征数目的线索不利于五年级被试的问题解决;较高的表征操作能力发展水平使得高二被试在多重线索下有更好的解决成绩;(3)与图式相关的线索并不能有效提高儿童解决顿悟问题的效率。

Insight Problem Solving under Different Cues: The Latent Common Influence of the Development of Scheme-using Level and Capability of Representation-manipulating

Schemes and capability of representation-manipulating are two important factors of children's capability of problem-solving.Their interaction decide the variable perform of children's insight problem-solving.We examined 270 subjects at different ages on their performance on a classical insight problem called T Puzzle.The results showed:(1) 5 grade prime school and 2 grade junior high school subjects showed a better performance on T Puzzle task than 2 grade high school ones.(2) The cue type with greater representation loading doesn't facilitate low grade children's problem solving.(3)Elder subject showed greater performance on multiple cues,but the cues related to scheme has not help to improve their achievement.This pattern reflects that schemes using and capability of representation-manipulating have developmental simultaneity.