两岁儿童对母亲的依恋类型

本研究采用实验室观察法,考察122名21-27个月龄的儿童对母亲的依恋类型,实验室程序包括儿童的自由活动、与陌生人的交往、在多种压力情境下的行为表现,与母亲的分离-重聚等.结果发现(1)本研究中使用的实验室观察程序能够有效地测查两岁儿童对母亲的依恋行为.(2)中国两岁儿童对母亲的依恋有四种类型淡漠型依恋、安全型依恋、缠人型依恋、混乱型依恋,分布比例分别为11%,73%,7%,9%.其中安全型和混乱型依恋的表现与国外研究者描述的美国、日本等国家儿童的行为大体相同,但淡漠型和缠人型依恋为我国儿童所特有,其表现特点与国外研究者描述的焦虑-回避型不安全依恋及焦虑-矛盾型不安全依恋有明显区别.

PATTERNS OF TODDLER - MOTHER ATTACHMENT

Child-mother attachment plays a very important role in many fields of child's personality and social development. It has been one of the central research topics in many subjects, especially developmental psychology. However, few studies have been conducted in Chinese samples. In this research 122 subjects, children around two years old (aged from 21 to 27 months old) and their parents, were randomly selected from Beijing residents. Using the methods of experimental observation, we found the following results: 1) Procedures and coding schemes used in this study were very good to reveal the child- mother attachment quality of two-year-olds. 2) There were four attachment types in the Chinese samples: indifferent attachment, secured attachment, entangled attachment and disorganized/disoriented attachment. 11%, 73%, 7%, 9% of the subjects belonged to these four types respectively.