短时记忆中的范畴组织和通道组织的比较

本文通过设置不同的线索条件对短时记忆中范畴组织和通道组织进行了比较研究。实验采用了通道线索组、范围线索组和混合线索组三种条件，并设置了五种词表比例。在通道线索组中，每个词表是同范畴字词，但一半用视觉呈现，一半用听觉呈现；在范畴线索组中，两类词分属两个不同的词义范畴，但以相同通道呈现；在混合线索组中，两类不同范畴的词，各有一半分别用视觉和听觉呈现。结果表明在三种线索条件下，ＡＲＣ分值差异显著，表现为

A Comparison Between Organization by Category and Organization by Modality in Short - Term Memory

The aim of this experiment was to compare the degree of organization by modality and organization by category in short -- term memory. The main experimental variable was the cue for organization. Three kinds of cues were used. They were modality, category and a mixed one (modality and category in competition ). In the modality group, half of the words were presented visually and the rest were presented auditorily, but all words were of the same category. In the category group, half of the words belonged to one category, the rest another category, and they were all presented visually or auditorily. In the mixed group, The words were the same as those of the category group, but half of them were presented visually and the rest were presented auditorily. The results indicated that the degree of organization by category was significantly higher than that of organization by modality. But the difference in the amount of recall was not significant. The degree of organization by modality and organization by category were dependent on the property of material.