The Performance of Methods to Test Upper-Level Mediation in the Presence of Nonnormal Data |
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Authors: | Keenan A. Pituch Laura M. Stapleton |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Educational Psychology , University of Texas at Austin;2. Department of Psychology , University of Maryland , Baltimore County |
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Abstract: | A Monte Carlo study compared the statistical performance of standard and robust multilevel mediation analysis methods to test indirect effects for a cluster randomized experimental design under various departures from normality. The performance of these methods was examined for an upper-level mediation process, where the indirect effect is a fixed effect and a group-implemented treatment is hypothesized to impact a person-level outcome via a person-level mediator. Two methods—the bias-corrected parametric percentile bootstrap and the empirical-M test—had the best overall performance. Methods designed for nonnormal score distributions exhibited elevated Type I error rates and poorer confidence interval coverage under some conditions. Although preliminary, the findings suggest that new mediation analysis methods may provide for robust tests of indirect effects. |
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