Estimating Standard Errors in Exploratory Factor Analysis

The article describes 6 issues influencing standard errors in exploratory factor analysis and reviews 7 methods of computing standard errors for rotated factor loadings and factor correlations. These 7 methods are the augmented information method, the nonparametric bootstrap method, the infinitesimal jackknife method, the method using the asymptotic distributions of unrotated factor loadings, the sandwich method, the parametric bootstrap method, and the jackknife method. Standard error estimates are illustrated using a personality study with 537 men and an intelligence study with 145 children.