The Relationships between Individualism,Nationalism, Ethnocentrism,and Authoritarianism in Flanders: A Continuous Time-Structural Equation Modeling Approach |
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| Authors: | Yenni Angraini Toni Toharudin Henk Folmer Johan H. L. Oud |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Statistics Department , Bogor Agricultural University , Indonesia;2. Statistics Department , University of Padjadjaran , Indonesia;3. Faculty of Spatial Sciences , University of Groningen , The Netherlands;4. Department of Agricultural Economics , College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&5. F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China;6. Behavioural Science Institute , Radboud University Nijmegen , The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | This article analyzes the relationships among nationalism (N), individualism (I), ethnocentrism (E), and authoritarianism (A) in continuous time (CT), estimated as a structural equation model. The analysis is based on the General Election Study for Flanders, Belgium, for 1991, 1995, and 1999. We find reciprocal effects between A and E and between E and I as well as a unidirectional effect from A on I. We furthermore find relatively small, but significant, effects from both I and E on N but no effect from A on N or from N on any of the other variables. Because of its central role in the N-I-E-A complex, mitigation of authoritarianism has the largest potential to reduce the spread of nationalism, ethnocentrism, and racism in Flanders. |
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